Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Workforce: A Comparison between Developed and Emerging Countries.

Abstract

This study analyzes the economic impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the workforce, comparing its effects in two developed countries (the United States and Germany) and two emerging countries (Brazil and Argentina) during the period 2012–2020. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, and multivariable design was employed, using both quantitative techniques (panel data econometric model) and qualitative methods (content analysis by categories). The results show that in developed countries, an increase in R&D investment is associated with a decrease in unemployment, whereas in emerging economies, it may lead to an increase in unemployment. These differences reflect the structural capacities of each region to absorb and integrate advanced technologies. The study discusses implications for public policies focused on workforce training and investment in technology.